Musculoskeletal Radiology is a diagnostic and therapeutic specialty of radiology providing assessment of bones and their surrounding soft tissues, including muscles, tendons, ligaments, fat, nerves and blood vessels. Imaging is performed for abnormalities related to trauma and sport-related injuries, arthritis, infection, cancer, congenital diseases, metabolic and endocrine diseases, diseases of the hematopoetic system (such as anemias), and crystal-induced diseases (such as gout). In addition, imaging is often performed for pre-surgical assessment.

Imaging modalities utilized include plain film, conventional tomography, ultrasound, CT, CT arthrography, MRI, MR arthrography, bone densitometry, and some bone and soft tissue specific nuclear medicine exams. Procedures include joint aspirations (such as hip aspirations to exclude infection), joint injections usually for CT or MR arthrography, and injection of joint replacements to assess for loosening or infection. Therapeutic imaging is also provided, such as shoulder ganglion aspirations and steroid injections.